Figure 8

Walking speed similarity. Relation between the difference of a user’s velocity and the velocity of the crowd in their vicinity in dependence of the crowd density. Plot (a) shows the relation for a kernel radius of $R=10\text{ m}$ and (b) for $R=55\text{ m}$, respectively. The plots depict that for low densities, the mean value is around $0.3{\text{ ms}}^{-1}$ which corresponds to the variance in pedestrian walking velocity in unrestricted environments [64]. The differences decay towards 0 by increasing the crowd density.