Figure 1

An illustration of constructing higher-order local collaboration networks. (a) shows the individual scientist’s egocentric network at year t. The links indicate that two scientists collaborated at year t. (b) shows the publication records and collaboration relationships among collaborators between t-5 and t-1. Note that grey person represents scientists who did not collaborate with the focal scientist at year t. (c) depicts the individual scientist’s local collaboration network based on conventional bipartite network projections. Solid lines suggest that connected two scientists have collaborated at least once between t-5 and t-1. (d) depicts the higher-order local collaboration network with a simplicial description. Solid lines represent that two scientists have collaborated at least once between t-5 and t-1. Filled triangles indicate that the connected three scientists have at least one joint publication during this period. The empty triangle means the connected three scientists have not collaborated together, whereas any two of them have a pairwise collaboration