Figure 3

Emotional Analysis for different types of user accounts. We quantified, ranging from −1 to +1, across (A) verified and unverified users, (B) both human and bot, over time. The dashed horizontal lines indicate the emotional mean values for each user type, based on a baseline of 10 million randomly sampled tweets. This highlights that the mean emotion of the random distribution is higher that of our specific interest. We present the distribution of emotional values, aggregated by day, for each category concerning the vaccine sample (C-D). We conducted a Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test across the entire distribution for each category. The results indicate statistical significance at the 95% confidence level, with a p-value below 0.01, not only within categories but also across the various samples considered