Figure 1

Retweet networks and tweet stance distributions before and after the invasion. Retweet networks (A)-(B) before and (C)-(D) right after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Networks are drawn using the SFDP spring-block layout [43]. Node colors in (A) and (C) correspond to the three groups detected in the before network, and the statistics beside each network show the number of users, the number of external retweets of the pro group, the number of internal retweets, and the E/I ratio in each anti group. Node colors in (B) and (D) denote the party affiliation of politicians. Parties in the legend are positioned based on the mean of their candidates’ attitude toward NATO in 2019, according to an election poll conducted by the Finnish Broadcasting Company (Yle) [44]. (E) Change in percentage of active users in each group. Change in distribution of stances on joining NATO among sampled tweets in the (F) pro, (G) left-anti, and (H) conspiracy-anti group