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Table 2 Topic Inter-Annotator Agreement scores (IAA) and corresponding descriptions in each context. We include the aggregated volume of activities per topic in both Twitter and YouTube over the periods we consider

From: Experimental evaluation of baselines for forecasting social media timeseries

Domain

Topic

IAA

Volume

Description

Twitter

YouTube

Vz19

maduro/dictator

0.78

1,281,021

25,776

Posts that describe Maduro as a dictator, or when its administration is represented as a dictatorship.

arrests

0.70

842,546

1944

Describes arrests or people who have been taken prisoners during on-the-ground events.

other/chávez

0.70

958,450

18,372

Posts with terms related to the late president of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez.

military

0.69

3,502,074

12,895

Posts about the Venezuelan military, security forces, or other armed militarized organization.

international/aid

0.68

2,336,919

12,168

Descriptions of foreign humanitarian aid sent or requested to be sent to Venezuela.

CPEC

controversies/china/border

0.91

180,078

260

Discussions related to the disputed Chinese-Indian border.

leadership/sharif

0.89

82,327

132

Positively discusses leadership by Nawaz Sharif, former prime minister of Pakistan.

controversies/china/uighur

0.85

25,854

52

Posts that bring attention to the Uighur controversies in Xinjiang China.

controversies/pakistan/baloch

0.85

84,621

410

Statements that advocate for Baloch independence, or emphasize exploitation of Baloch by Pakistan or China.

benefits/development/roads

0.83

43,831

222

Discussions on road or railway projects in Pakistan related to CPEC.

BRIA

covid

0.82

774,284

2018

Coronavirus and related topics such as vaccines in Africa.

debt

0.82

23,803

205

Debts or loans, where the lender is China and the lendee is an African nation

infrastructure

0.78

28,397

205

Roads, railways, ports or other infrastructure project as part of the BRI in Africa.

travel

0.78

224,582

815

Travel between countries, usually by flights. Often in the context of COVID and related to Africa and China.

mistreatment

0.68

58,306

670

Description of mistreatment of particular groups of people such as Kenyans, Africans, or Chinese people.