Figure 4

Impact difference under different collaborative strategies. Mean normalized logarithmic impact for articles authored by either a single prominent researcher (PR) or multiple PR in: (A) inequalities in health, (B) network science, (C) metabolomics, (D) network ecology, (E) development economics, (F) philosophy of science, (G) genetics and (H) cognitive psychology. The normalized logarithmic impact \(I_{i}\) of a paper i is the logarithmic number of citations (plus 1) \(\log (k_{i}+ 1)\) of the paper divided by the mean of the logarithmic number of citations (plus 1) of papers with no prominent researcher collaboration in the same publication year (Methods). (I) Aggregated normalized logarithmic impact for all fields. Stars indicate significant differences (***: 1%, **: 5%, *: 10%, n.s.: not significant). See Supplementary Fig. S11 for the whole distributions of the logarithmic number of citations