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Figure 7 | EPJ Data Science

Figure 7

From: Has Covid-19 permanently changed online purchasing behavior?

Figure 7

Date Fixed Effects from the Regression of the Purchase Amount. In this figure, the blue dots represent the date fixed effects estimated from the regressions of the purchase amount at the city level for each date, and the red line represents the fitted relationship between date fixed effects and the dates using a nonparametric local–linear kernel regression. The independent variables are the number of COVID-19 cases per 1000 persons, the declaration of a state of emergency (SoE); the number of neighboring prefectures in an SoE; the dummy variables for 1-4 weeks before and after the declaration of an SoE and a semi-SoE; and the city, date, and day-of-the-week fixed effects. The standard errors are clustered at the city level. N = 1,091,171

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