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Table 1 Overview of the model variables and parameters

From: Modelling railway delay propagation as diffusion-like spreading

Variable

Description

\(D_{i}(t)\)

Delay at station i and time t

\(A_{ji}\)

Adjacency matrix of the railway network

\(B_{i}\)

Train turnover rate of station i

\(d_{T}(t)\)

Delay carried by train T at time t

\(f_{ij}\)

Train frequency from stations i to j

\(\bar{t}_{ij}\)

Average travel time from station i to j

\(p_{ji}\)

Fraction of trains to j that continues to i

\(r_{ji}\)

Fraction of trains to j that continue to i if they do not end at j

\(s_{j}\)

Fraction of trains that end at station j

\(\mathcal{T}(i,t)\)

Set of trains moving to station i at time t

\(\mathcal{N}_{\text{out}}(j)\)

Set of stations to which there is an edge from j

\(\mathcal{N}_{\text{in}}(j)\)

Set of stations from which there is an edge towards j

N

Amount of stations

\(\delta _{ij}\)

Kronecker delta (\(\delta _{ij}=1\) if i = j, and 0 otherwise)