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Table 2 Example Questions from Our Survey Question Data Set. InDe: interrogative-declarative request. DR: direct request

From: Evaluating the construct validity of text embeddings with application to survey questions

ID

Concrete concept

Similarity

Formulation

Survey question

1

state of health services

reference

DR

How good is the state of health services in your country?

2

state of health services

reference

InDe

Do you agree that the state of health services in your country is good?

3

state of medical services

high

DR

How good is the state of medical services in your country?

4

state of medical services

high

InDe

Do you agree that the state of medical services in your country is good?

5

state of religious services

low

DR

How good is the state of religious services in your country?

6

state of religious services

low

InDe

Do you agree that the state of religious services in your country is good?