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Table 1 Estimated \(C(\Delta )\) from block creation times and median propagation times for multiple blockchain systems, compared with the stale blocks rate. Data are taken from [22]

From: Consensus formation on heterogeneous networks

Blockchain

Block creation time (s)

Propagation time (s)

Stale blocks rate

C(Δ)

BTC

600

8.7

0.41%

1.45%

ETH

14

0.5–0.75

6.8%

3.51–5.22%

LTC

150

1.02

0.273%

0.68%

DOGE

60

0.85

0.619%

1.40%