Figure 2

Casualty matrices for Barcelona, Inner London and Rome demonstrate heterogeneity of road traffic risks. The casualty matrix shows the number of killed or seriously injured people in 2018 after a traffic participant on the left collided with one on the bottom. The leftmost column (above the symbol ↺) denotes a crash with only one participant, indicating self-risk. The heterogeneity of posed risks is apparent: Cars are responsible for the majority of road deaths/injuries, while columns for pedestrians and cyclists do not appear because they pose practically no risk to others. Further, these examples also reveal the heterogeneity of risks to specific vulnerable participants through different cities, for example a much higher relative risk to pedestrians in London than in Barcelona. See Fig. S1 for a full picture including more traffic participants and all studied cities