From: Corruption red flags in public procurement: new evidence from Italian calls for tenders
Variable | Description | Datatype |
---|---|---|
Basic Tender Characteristics | ||
Reserve Price | Maximum price that can be asked to the buyer | 1000 Euro |
Winner Discount | Percentage discount over the reserve price | Percentage |
No. Bidders | Number of firms submitting a bid | Integer |
No. Accepted Bidders | Number of firms whose bid is deemed compliant with the eligibility rules | Integer |
No. Invited Bidders | Number of firms invited to submit a bid | Integer |
Extra Cost | Difference between final and contract price, over the reserve price | Percentage |
Extra Time | Difference between final and contract days-to-execute, over contract days-to-execute | Percentage |
Red Flags | ||
Design-Build | Indicator for whether the contract involves both design and build (1) or only build (0) | Boolean |
Urgency | Indicator for whether the call for tenders invokes any urgency clause (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Negotiated | Indicator for whether the procedure is negotiated (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Negotiated-No Tender | Indicator for whether the procedure is negotiated & no call publicity required (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Price Only—w. ABA | Indicator for price-only criterion & automatic exclusion of abnormally low bids (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Scoring Rule (MEAT) | Indicator for whether the award criterion entails multiple parameters (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Open Tender Days | Number of days between when the call is published and when it closes | Integer |
Open Tender Day V. | Indicator for Open Tender Days below legal minimum (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Tender Call Absence | Indicator for whether the tender call is unavailable from Telemat (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Page Count | Number of pages of the call for tender main document | Integer |
Word Count | Number of words (in thousands) of the call for tender main document | Integer |
Legality Protocols | Indicator for whether the call request bidders to adhere to any legality protocol | Boolean |
Local Regulations | Indicator for whether the call request bidders to adhere to any local regulation | Boolean |
Negotiated-No T/N | For negotiated procedures, indicator for publicity of the call for tenders (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Sole Source Forbidden | Indicator for clauses forbidding to award with a single valid offer submitted (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Average Qualit. Score | For awards with MEAT, the average number of points assigned to quality parameters | Integer |
Firm List Preference | Indicator for preferences for firms enrolled in the buyer’s preferred suppliers list (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Firm Other Preference | Indicator for preferences for specific firms, other than Firm List Preference, (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Documents Verificat | Indicator for compulsory verification of inspection of the project documents (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Worksite Verificat | Indicator for compulsory verification of inspection of the project worksite (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Ad Hoc Subcontract | Indicator for whether the call contains ad hoc rules for subcontracting (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
No Subcontr to Bid | Indicator for whether the call forbids bidders to become subcontractors (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
Contact Points Out | Indicator for contact point personnel outside the employees of the public buyer (1) or not (0) | Boolean |
DV-Hours Share | Hours available for document verification over the total working hours during call opening | Percentage |
WV-Hours Share | Hours available for worksite verification over the total working hours during call opening | Percentage |