Corruption red flags in public procurement: new evidence from Italian calls for tenders

EPJ Data Science

Table 2 Summary statistics for the main and verification data

	Main data			Verification data
	Mean	S.D.	N	Mean	S.D.	N
A. Basic tender characteristics
Reserve Price (000)	266.38	370.87	12,786	455.17	718.55	3200
Winner Discount	18.80	13.54	12,500	23.07	12.96	3439
No. Bidders	17.27	41.67	12,822	46.77	65.34	3486
No. Accepted Bidders	16.20	39.31	12,822	44.52	62.01	3486
No. Invited Bidders	5.14	12.68	12,822	14.18	21.97	1089
B. Accessible indicators
Design-Build	0.00		12,823	0.02		3155
Urgency	0.02		12,823	0.01		2812
Negotiated	0.78		12,814	0.54		2697
Negotiated-No Tender	0.96		10,010	0.32		1454
Price Only—w. ABA	0.26		9780	0.63		3154
Scoring Rule (MEAT)	0.10		9753	0.08		3314
Open Tender Days	22.07	11.54	12,420	32.06	15.60	2436
Open Tender Day V.	0.39		12,420	0.11		2420
C. Oblivious indicators
Tender Call Absence				0.33		3553
Page Count				25.54	16.55	2384
Word Count (000)				9.17	8.90	2384
Legality Protocols				0.32		2402
Local Regulations				0.33		2449
Negotiated-No T/N				0.23		1454
Sole Source Forbidden				0.03		2408
Average Qualit. Score				3.84	15.92	3553
Firm List Preference				0.04		2397
Firm Other Preference				0.28		2396
Documents Verificat				0.54		2392
Worksite Verificat				0.51		2392
Ad Hoc Subcontract				0.21		2391
No Subcontr to Bid				0.21		2391
Contact Points Out				0.30		1439
DV-Hours Share				0.77	0.32	2682
WV-Hours Share				0.95	0.19	2687

Note: refer to Appendix A for an enhanced description of each variable. The table does not report the standard deviation for dummy variables.