Figure 5

Spatial distributions of (a) night, (b) daytime, and (c) evening populations. Each circle color represents the population in the Jipgyegu districts within the distance of 500 m from the station, and its value is illustrated in the color bar ranging from the minimum to the maximum of each time-slot population. While the night population exhibits a dispersed pattern, the daytime and evening populations exhibit concentrated patterns. The spatial distribution of night population results largely from the residential activities, displaying the Pearson correlation coefficient 0.85 with the population of registered residents. In contrast, spatial distributions of the daytime and evening populations are largely due to the commercial activities, as manifested by the concentrated areas in the centers of Seoul. The difference between daytime and evening reflects the difference in the purpose of activities, work and entertainment