Figure 4

The pairwise comparison of the modular structure of five countries’ SRNs, namely: Ireland (IE), Germany (DE), the Netherlands (NE), the United Kingdom (UK) and Sweden (SE). In (A) we show the Irish SRN from O’Clery et al. [46]. The nodes represent industries and edges the skill-relatedness between the two corresponding industries. Nodes are coloured according to their community (found using the modularity optimization algorithm). The node layout is based on a spring algorithm called ‘Force Atlas’ in Gephi. Labelling is added to indicate the general position of sectors within the network. Using the same layout we also show communities detected for Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden in subfigure (B) to (D). In (E) we highlight the overlap of the community structure of each country with the official industrial sector classification. Industries are ordered and grouped by their 1-digit NACE 1.1 sector along the x-axis. For each country, industries are coloured according to community membership. In (F) we show the resulting BiDir distance from the pairwise comparison of the different SRNs. Notice that the German, Swedish and Dutch SRNs have relatively similar modular structure, while the Irish SRN’s modular structure is less similar