From: Public debate in the media matters: evidence from the European refugee crisis
Dep. variable: Logit (Acceptance ratesijt) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Media models | Controls models | Full models | ||||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
Media measures: (\(X _{i}^{t} - \overline{ X }_{i}^{t}\)) | ||||||
Sentiment, refugee − baseline | 0.099 | −1.082 | ||||
(0.078) | (0.718) | |||||
Sentiment, refugee | 0.462∗∗∗ | 1.186∗∗ | ||||
(0.035) | (0.399) | |||||
Attention | −0.004∗ | 0.006∗∗∗ | 0.038∗ | 0.071∗∗∗ | ||
(0.002) | (0.002) | (0.017) | (0.016) | |||
Media measures:\(\overline{ X }_{i}\) | ||||||
Sentiment, refugee | 0.859∗ | 0.97∗ | 0.275 | 0.983 | ||
(0.38) | (0.38) | (4.515) | (4.592) | |||
Attention | 0.029∗ | 0.026∗ | 0.322 | 0.314 | ||
(0.011) | (0.011) | (0.195) | (0.203) | |||
Time-dependent controls: (\(X _{i}^{t} - \overline{ X }_{i}^{t}\)) | ||||||
Apps. received | 0.023 | 0.01 | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||
(0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | |||
GDP | −0.066∗∗ | −0.074∗∗ | −0.072∗∗ | |||
(0.024) | (0.023) | (0.023) | ||||
Gov. debt | 0.124∗∗∗ | 0.111∗∗∗ | 0.12∗∗∗ | |||
(0.027) | (0.026) | (0.027) | ||||
Unemployment | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.017 | |||
(0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | ||||
CPI | −0.002 | 0.003 | 0.023 | |||
(0.03) | (0.03) | (0.03) | ||||
Gov. ideology (left < 0 < right) | −0.019 | −0.009 | −0.008 | |||
(0.016) | (0.016) | (0.016) | ||||
Press freedom index | 0.247∗∗∗ | 0.211∗∗∗ | 0.236∗∗∗ | |||
(0.021) | (0.023) | (0.022) | ||||
Time-invariant controls:\(\overline{ X }_{i}\) | ||||||
Apps. received | 0.08 | 0.038 | 0.018 | 0.016 | ||
(0.093) | (0.097) | (0.096) | (0.095) | |||
GDP | −1.297∗∗∗ | −0.812 | −0.794 | |||
(0.307) | (0.409) | (0.394) | ||||
Gov. debt | 1.503∗∗ | 0.853 | 0.841 | |||
(0.415) | (0.575) | (0.55) | ||||
Unemployment | −0.447∗∗ | −0.451∗∗ | −0.448∗∗ | |||
(0.149) | (0.15) | (0.149) | ||||
CPI | 0.309∗ | 0.316∗ | 0.323∗ | |||
(0.124) | (0.126) | (0.122) | ||||
Gov. ideology (left < 0 < right) | 0.089 | 0.075 | 0.065 | |||
(0.086) | (0.09) | (0.091) | ||||
Press freedom index | 0.025 | 0.351 | 0.354 | |||
(0.126) | (0.235) | (0.232) | ||||
Num. observations | 11,593 | 11,593 | 11,593 | 11,593 | 11,593 | 11,593 |
Marginal \(R^{2}\) | 0.02 | 0.01 | >0.01 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Conditional \(R^{2}\) | 0.76 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 |
AICc | −9662 | −9414 | 42,199 | 41,724 | 41,505 | 41,175 |
BIC | −9603 | −9356 | 42,243 | 41,857 | 41,667 | 41,337 |