Figure 1

Typical examples of fake and real news networks. (A) Schematic diagram of the propagation of a post and its re-posting. The nodes represent the users and the edges are the re-postings. The directionality determines which user is the re-poster among the two users: the origin is the former re-poster and the target is the later re-poster. A layer consists of re-postings whose re-posters have the same distance from the creator. We color the edges according to their layer from light to dark blue. (B) A real typical Weibo network of fake news with 1123 nodes. The edge’s arrow stands for its direction. This fake news is about health problems due to a milk tea shop. (C) A typical Weibo real news network with 215 nodes. This is about a tip of preventing sunstroke. (D) A typical Twitter fake news network with 199 nodes. This tweet is about an electric store that raised the price of a battery unreasonably. (E) A typical real news network on Twitter with 578 nodes. This tweet is a correction tweet against fake news about Cosmo oil by the Asahi newspaper. We applied the Fruchterman–Reingold layout by using Pajek software here