Figure 16

Testing the modified gravity law with population for the directed and undirected freight highway transportation networks constructed over five months. (a) Scatter plot of \(F_{ij}\) with respect to \(P_{i}^{\alpha_{1}}P_{j}^{\alpha_{2}}/d_{ij}^{\alpha_{3}}\) for the directed network. (b) Binning plot of \(F_{ij}\) with respect to \(P_{i}^{\alpha _{1}}P_{j}^{\alpha_{2}}/d_{ij}^{\alpha_{3}}\) for the directed network. (c) Scatter plot of \(W_{ij}\) with respect to \(P_{i}^{\alpha_{1}}P_{j}^{\alpha _{2}}/d_{ij}^{\alpha_{3}}\) for the undirected network. (d) Binning plot of \(W_{ij}\) with respect to \(P_{i}^{\alpha_{1}}P_{j}^{\alpha_{2}}/d_{ij}^{\alpha _{3}}\) for the undirected network