Figure 2

Left picture: comparison of the hourly pedestrian flows on the Redentore bridge estimated from the GPS dataset (continuous curves) and the empirical measures by a direct people counting (dots) performed by volunteers: the blue data refer to the pedestrian flow from Giudecca island toward Venice centreThe historical centre of Venice is an ideal experimental field to study the features of pedestrian mobility and the choice of two big tourist events (the Carnival of Venice 2017 and the Festa del Redentore) as case studies allows on one hand to increase the representativeness of the sample and on the other hand to provide quantitative information to the stakeholders that are in charge of the management of tourist flows., whereas the red data refer to the pedestrian flow on the opposite direction. The scaling factor applied to the sample of the GPS dataset corresponds to a penetration of 1.6%. We recall that the bridge was closed between 23:00 p.m. and 12:30 a.m. Right picture: empirical relative frequency to get a GPS record near the Redentore bridge in a time interval of 10 minutes from a device in the selected sample; the red line is a running average over one hour to smooth the fluctuations effect