From: On the predictability of the popularity of online recipes
Feature | Allrecipes.com (N = 11,194) | Kochbar.de (N = 81,232) | p-value | r | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Median | Std.Dev. | Min. | Max. | Mean | Median | Std.Dev. | Min. | Max. | |||
Recipe Nutrition (4) | ||||||||||||
Kcal (per 100 g) | 162.24 | 153.00 | 65.02 | 4.00 | 697.00 | \( \underline{213}\underline{.}\underline{08} \) | 172.00 | 158.71 | 1.00 | 998.00 | <0.001 | 0.06 |
Protein (per 100 g) | \( \underline{9}\underline{.}\underline{44} \) | 9.08 | 4.00 | 0.13 | 27.62 | 6.49 | 4.70 | 5.51 | 0.00 | 36.00 | <0.001 | 0.23∘ |
Carbohydrates (per 100 g) | 11.54 | 10.23 | 8.44 | 0.00 | 79.74 | \( \underline{11}\underline{.}\underline{88} \) | 5.70 | 15.26 | 0.00 | 100.00 | <0.001 | 0.11∘ |
Fat (per 100 g) | 8.66 | 7.64 | 5.43 | 0.03 | 53.97 | \( \underline{15}\underline{.}\underline{47} \) | 10.00 | 17.39 | 0.00 | 99.90 | <0.001 | 0.10∘ |
Recipe Healthiness (1) | ||||||||||||
WHO Health Score | 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.00 | 3.00 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{36} \) | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.00 | 3.00 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
Recipe Complexity (4) | ||||||||||||
Preparation Time (Min.) | \( \underline{86}\underline{.}\underline{22} \) | 50.00 | 113.54 | 3.00 | 1740.00 | 41.43 | 30.00 | 32.70 | 1.00 | 1180.00 | <0.001 | 0.24∘ |
Num. Preparation Steps | 3.75 | 4.00 | 1.63 | 1.00 | 19.00 | \( \underline{4}\underline{.}\underline{15} \) | 4.00 | 2.89 | 1.00 | 25.00 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
Num. Servings | \( \underline{6}\underline{.}\underline{31} \) | 6.00 | 3.95 | 1.00 | 72.00 | 3.74 | 4.00 | 1.73 | 1.00 | 70.00 | <0.001 | 0.31∘∘ |
Num. Ingredients | 10.00 | 9.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 35.00 | \( \underline{11}\underline{.}\underline{41} \) | 11.00 | 4.02 | 1.00 | 72.00 | <0.001 | 0.12 |
Num. Categories | 4.31 | 4.00 | 0.88 | 3.00 | 6.00 | \( \underline{12}\underline{.}\underline{61} \) | 12.00 | 5.75 | 1.00 | 36.00 | <0.001 | 0.50∘∘∘ |
Recipe Presentation (21) | ||||||||||||
Image: Sharpness | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{18} \) | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.81 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{18} \) | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 1.21 | <0.001 | 0.07 |
Image: Sharpness Variation | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{29} \) | 0.26 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 1.50 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{29} \) | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 2.00 | <0.1 | 0.01 |
Image: Contrast | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{05} \) | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.16 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{05} \) | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.19 | <0.001 | 0.00 |
Image: Contrast RGB | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{17} \) | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.49 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.57 | <0.001 | 0.00 |
Image: Saturation | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{27} \) | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.75 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.80 | <0.001 | 0.18∘ |
Image: Saturation Variation | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{15} \) | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.41 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{15} \) | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.41 | <0.001 | 0.02 |
Image: Brightness | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.89 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{50} \) | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.03 |
Image: Colorfulness | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{24} \) | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.54 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.68 | <0.001 | 0.08 |
Image: Entropy | \( \underline{7}\underline{.}\underline{47} \) | 7.53 | 0.32 | 3.16 | 7.96 | 7.37 | 7.43 | 0.34 | 4.25 | 7.96 | <0.001 | 0.13∘ |
Image: Naturalness | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{83} \) | 0.85 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.11∘ |
Instruction: Num. Chars†| 682.57 | 616.00 | 327.94 | 86.00 | 2866.00 | \( \underline{775}\underline{.}\underline{61} \) | 690.00 | 417.15 | 10.00 | 5761.00 | <0.001 | 0.08 |
Instruction: Num. Words†| \( \underline{115}\underline{.}\underline{99} \) | 104.00 | 56.07 | 14.00 | 498.00 | 110.20 | 97.00 | 60.89 | 1.00 | 889.00 | <0.001 | 0.00 |
Instruction: Num. Sentences†| 9.73 | 9.00 | 4.34 | 1.00 | 40.00 | \( \underline{10}\underline{.}\underline{48} \) | 10.00 | 5.91 | 1.00 | 64.00 | <0.001 | 0.03 |
Instruction: Readability Score†| 30.42 | 30.45 | 5.50 | 8.00 | 54.49 | \( \underline{48}\underline{.}\underline{84} \) | 45.92 | 16.62 | 1.00 | 379.91 | <0.001 | 0.53∘∘∘ |
Instruction: Entropy†| 4.35 | 4.35 | 0.08 | 3.96 | 4.63 | \( \underline{4}\underline{.}\underline{51} \) | 4.51 | 0.10 | 2.85 | 5.52 | <0.001 | 0.46∘∘ |
Instruction: Sentiment†| 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.99 | −3.00 | 4.00 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{28} \) | 0.00 | 1.13 | −4.00 | 4.00 | <0.001 | 0.04 |
Title: Num. Characters†| 25.43 | 24.00 | 9.93 | 3.00 | 110.00 | \( \underline{50}\underline{.}\underline{94} \) | 44.00 | 31.56 | 3.00 | 400.00 | <0.001 | 0.33∘∘ |
Title: Num. Words†| 4.13 | 4.00 | 1.85 | 1.00 | 19.00 | \( \underline{7}\underline{.}\underline{72} \) | 6.00 | 5.61 | 1.00 | 70.00 | <0.001 | 0.24∘ |
Title: Readability Score†| 39.99 | 36.33 | 27.61 | 1.00 | 105.00 | \( \underline{54}\underline{.}\underline{72} \) | 52.00 | 22.61 | 1.00 | 107.00 | <0.001 | 0.19∘ |
Title: Entropy†| 3.72 | 3.76 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 4.54 | \( \underline{4}\underline{.}\underline{04} \) | 4.10 | 0.37 | 1.50 | 5.18 | <0.001 | 0.30∘∘ |
Title: Sentiment†| 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.33 | −3.00 | 4.00 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{39} \) | 0.00 | 0.99 | −4.00 | 4.00 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
Recipe Seasonality (4) | ||||||||||||
Upload Month | 5.96 | 6.00 | 3.28 | 1.00 | 12.00 | \( \underline{6}\underline{.}\underline{12} \) | 6.00 | 3.45 | 1.00 | 12.00 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
Day of Month | 15.71 | 16.00 | 8.74 | 1.00 | 31.00 | \( \underline{15}\underline{.}\underline{72} \) | 16.00 | 8.74 | 1.00 | 31.00 | 0.541 | 0.00 |
Day of Week | \( \underline{4}\underline{.}\underline{23} \) | 5.00 | 2.01 | 1.00 | 7.00 | 3.84 | 4.00 | 2.01 | 1.00 | 7.00 | <0.001 | 0.00 |
Within Season | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{08} \) | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.25 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{08} \) | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.16 | <0.001 | 0.06 |
Recipe Innovation (6) | ||||||||||||
Ingredients rank | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{08} \) | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 1.00 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{08} \) | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
Categories rank | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 1.00 | \( \underline {0}\underline{.}\underline{07} \) | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.24∘ |
Title Words rank | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{07} \) | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.11∘ |
Recipe Innovation Jaccard | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{57} \) | 0.60 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.00 |
Avg. Recipe Innovation Jaccard | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{96} \) | 0.97 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.33∘∘ |
Recipe Innovation IDF | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{02} \) | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.37∘∘ |
User Activity & Context (16) | ||||||||||||
Num. Recipes uploaded until Upload | 16.96 | 0.00 | 78.71 | 0.00 | 1386.00 | \( \underline{258}\underline{.}\underline{32} \) | 94.00 | 380.71 | 0.00 | 5795.00 | <0.001 | 0.42∘∘ |
Num. Comments written until Upload | 9.24 | 0.00 | 55.26 | 0.00 | 2027.00 | \( \underline{1582}\underline{.}\underline{92} \) | 103.00 | 4000.69 | 0.00 | 38,124.00 | <0.001 | 0.39∘∘ |
Num. Comments received until Upload | 73.36 | 0.00 | 514.37 | 0.00 | 6310.00 | \( \underline{2472}\underline{.}\underline{59} \) | 317.00 | 5470.63 | 0.00 | 52,878.00 | <0.001 | 0.44∘∘ |
Num. Recipes uploaded per day | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 1.00 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{34} \) | 0.16 | 0.58 | 0.00 | 11.25 | <0.001 | 0.28∘ |
Num. Recipes uploaded per week | 0.38 | 0.02 | 1.11 | 0.00 | 7.01 | \( \underline{2}\underline{.}\underline{39} \) | 1.14 | 3.94 | 0.00 | 63.00 | <0.001 | 0.28∘ |
Num. Recipes uploaded per month | 1.64 | 0.10 | 4.83 | 0.01 | 30.48 | \( 1\underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{38} \) | 4.96 | 17.15 | 0.01 | 270.00 | <0.001 | 0.28∘ |
Num. Recipes uploaded per year | 19.68 | 1.16 | 57.98 | 0.07 | 365.90 | \( \underline{124}\underline{.}\underline{55} \) | 59.54 | 205.54 | 0.16 | 3285.00 | <0.001 | 0.28∘ |
Num. Ratings provided per day | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.91 | \( \underline{5}\underline{.}\underline{93} \) | 1.70 | 10.01 | 0.00 | 95.28 | <0.001 | 0.28∘ |
Num. Ratings provided per week | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 6.35 | \( \underline{41}\underline{.}\underline{49} \) | 11.87 | 70.07 | 0.00 | 666.98 | <0.001 | 0.28∘ |
Num. Ratings provided per month | 0.46 | 0.10 | 1.48 | 0.00 | 27.23 | \( \underline{177}\underline{.}\underline{80} \) | 50.89 | 300.30 | 0.00 | 2858.49 | <0.001 | 0.28∘ |
Num. Ratings provided per year | 5.49 | 1.23 | 17.55 | 0.00 | 323.18 | \( \underline{2109}\underline{.}\underline{90} \) | 603.89 | 3563.61 | 0.00 | 33,920.80 | <0.001 | 0.28∘ |
Num. Comments provided per day | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.91 | \( \underline{2}\underline{.}\underline{25} \) | 0.48 | 4.31 | 0.00 | 50.43 | <0.001 | 0.29∘ |
Num. Comments provided per week | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 6.35 | \( \underline{15}\underline{.}\underline{76} \) | 3.37 | 30.15 | 0.00 | 350.88 | <0.001 | 0.25∘ |
Num. Comments provided per month | 0.46 | 0.10 | 1.48 | 0.00 | 27.23 | \( \underline{68}\underline{.}\underline{52} \) | 14.64 | 131.14 | 0.01 | 1535.51 | <0.001 | 0.25∘ |
Num. Comments provided per year | 5.49 | 1.23 | 17.55 | 0.00 | 323.18 | \( \underline{822}\underline{.}\underline{10} \) | 175.63 | 1573.07 | 0.16 | 18,295.90 | <0.001 | 0.25∘ |
Cook Living in Germany/USA | 0.88 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 1.00 | \( \underline{0}\underline{.}\underline{90} \) | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 1.00 | <0.1 | 0.01 |
Recipe Popularity (8) | ||||||||||||
Num. Comments received within day | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 5.00 | \( \underline{5}\underline{.}\underline{14} \) | 2.00 | 7.11 | 0.00 | 75.00 | <0.001 | 0.42∘∘ |
Num. Comments received within week∗ | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 7.00 | \( \underline{7}\underline{.}\underline{83} \) | 4.00 | 9.29 | 0.00 | 92.00 | <0.001 | 0.49∘∘ |
Num. Comments received within month∗ | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.00 | 24.00 | \( \underline{8}\underline{.}\underline{34} \) | 5.00 | 9.53 | 0.00 | 96.00 | <0.001 | 0.48∘∘ |
Num. Comments received within year | 2.30 | 1.00 | 5.43 | 0.00 | 212.00 | \( \underline{9}\underline{.}\underline{19} \) | 6.00 | 9.86 | 0.00 | 123.00 | <0.001 | 0.37∘∘ |
Num. Ratings received within day | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 5.00 | \( \underline{11}\underline{.}\underline{73} \) | 6.00 | 14.46 | 0.00 | 127.00 | <0.001 | 0.47∘∘ |
Num. Ratings received within week∗ | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 7.00 | \( \underline{19}\underline{.}\underline{23} \) | 11.00 | 20.85 | 0.00 | 169.00 | <0.001 | 0.50∘∘∘ |
Num. Ratings received within month∗ | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.00 | 24.00 | \( \underline{20}\underline{.}\underline{60} \) | 12.00 | 21.66 | 0.00 | 175.00 | <0.001 | 0.50∘∘∘ |
Num. Ratings received within year | 2.30 | 1.00 | 5.43 | 0.00 | 212.00 | \( \underline{23}\underline{.}\underline{13} \) | 15.00 | 22.37 | 0.00 | 206.00 | <0.001 | 0.47∘∘ |