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Table 1 Summary of dictionary attributes used in sentiment measurement instruments. We provide all acronyms and abbreviations and further information regarding sentiment dictionaries in Section  2.1 . We test the first 6 dictionaries extensively. The range indicates whether scores are continuous or binary (we use the term binary for sentiment dictionaries for which words are scored as ±1 and optionally 0).

From: Sentiment analysis methods for understanding large-scale texts: a case for using continuum-scored words and word shift graphs

Dictionary

# Entries

Range

Construction

License

Ref.

labMT

10,222

1.3→8.5

Survey: MT, 50 ratings

CC

[5]

ANEW

1,034

1.2→8.8

Survey: UF Intro Psych

Free for research

[7]

LIWC07

4,483

[−1,0,1]

Manual

Paid, commercial

[8]

MPQA

7,192

[−1,0,1]

Manual + ML

GNU GPL

[9]

OL

6,782

[−1,1]

Dictionary propagation

Free

[10]

WK

13,915

1.3→8.5

Survey: MT, 14-18 ratings

CC

[11]

LIWC01

2,322

[−1,0,1]

Manual

Paid, commercial

[8]

LIWC15

6,549

[−1,0,1]

Manual

Paid, commercial

[8]

PANAS-X

20

[−1,1]

Manual

Copyrighted paper

[17]

Pattern

1,528

−1.0→1.0

Unspecified

BSD

[18]

SentiWordNet

147,700

−1.0→1.0

Synset synonyms

CC BY-SA 3.0

[19]

AFINN

2,477

[−5,−4,…,4,5]

Manual

ODbL v1.0

[20]

GI

3,629

[−1,1]

Harvard-IV-4

Unspecified

[21]

WDAL

8,743

0.0→3.0

Survey: Columbia students

Unspecified

[22]

EmoLex

14,182

[−1,0,1]

Survey: MT

Free for research

[23]

MaxDiff

1,515

−1.0→1.0

Survey: MT, MaxDiff

Free for research

[24]

HashtagSent

54,129

−6.9→7.5

PMI with hashtags

Free for research

[25]

Sent140Lex

62,468

−5.0→5.0

PMI with emoticons

Free for research

[26]

SOCAL

7,494

−30.2→30.7

Manual

GNU GPL

[27]

SenticNet

30,000

−1.0→1.0

Label propogation

Citation requested

[28]

Emoticons

132

[−1,0,1]

Manual

Open source code

[29]

SentiStrength

2,615

[−5,−4,…,4,5]

LIWC + GI

Free for research

[30]

VADER

7,502

−3.9→3.4

MT survey, 10 ratings

Freely available

[31]

Umigon

927

[−1,1]

Manual

Public Domain

[32]

USent

592

[−1,1]

Manual

CC

[33]

EmoSenticNet

13,188

[−10,−2,−1,0,1,10]

Bootstrapped extension

Non-commercial

[34]