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Table 2 Most common cases of chains of routers

From: Router-level community structure of the Internet Autonomous Systems

Chain

Number of cases

Typical configuration

193,398

Internal AS connection

90,307

Internal AS tunnel

86,775

Inter-AS tunnel

57,988

Inter-AS tunnel

32,473

Internal AS tunnel

28,774

Inter-AS tunnel

  1. Black and gray colours represent some hypothetical ASes; white nodes do not have AS affiliation. Many of these chains are caused by tunnels (like MPLS tunnels); others are probably due to a tie in the AS affiliation algorithm. After removing these chains, 99.2% of the nodes have AS affiliation.