Figure 7

Cross-correlation between temporal patterns of formation changes and match results. Ranges between the dashed lines represent 95% CIs on the basis of the randomized sequences of formation changes. Cross-correlation between (a) formation changes and wins for the J-League data, (b) formation changes and losses for the J-League data, (c) formation changes and wins for the Bundesliga data, and (d) formation changes and losses for the Bundesliga data.