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Figure 1 | EPJ Data Science

Figure 1

From: Information dynamic spectrum characterizes system instability toward critical transitions

Figure 1

Example simulations of positive and negative influence. The conditional probabilities of p( x ˙ (t+1)| x ˙ (t)), p( y ˙ (t+1)| y ˙ (t)), and p( x ˙ (t+1)| y ˙ (t)) are fixed and unbiased. The only bias is from x ˙ (t)→ y ˙ (t+1): p( y ˙ (t+1)=0| x ˙ (t)=0)=P and p( y ˙ (t+1)=1| x ˙ (t)=1)=P. The influence from x to y is negative when P<0.5, as seen in (a)-(c). Similarly, the influence from x to y is positive when P>0.5, as seen in (d)-(f).

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