Figure 12

Impact of attacks on crowd behavior. Scatter plot of two of the features (${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\mathrm{time}}$ and ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\mathrm{completion}}$) for a given size of 400 s for the local optima of Puzzle 4. While the completion is discrete, the optima are based on a smoothed time series, resulting in a continuous scale for the feature ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\mathrm{completion}}$. All attack local optima but one clearly stand apart from the local optima outside attacks, their position correspond to different attack scales and operating modes. The clouds of point corresponding to normal regime indicates a progressive shift in crowd behavior between before and after attacks.