Figure 1

Spatiotemporal jammed clusters in Shanghai. (A) Illustration of the evolution of a jammed cluster in Shanghai. Red links represent congested roads. All red links in the shadow belong to the same jammed cluster. (B) The number of congested roads of the second largest jammed cluster on March 1st, 2022 in Shanghai, where the y-axis is reversed to put the larger number at a lower location. The gray area is the size of the spatiotemporal jammed cluster (S) shown in red in A. The timespan between \(t_{0}\) and \(t_{1}\) represents its recovery time (\(T = t_{1}- t_{0}\)). (C) The cluster size (S) of the first, second, and third largest jammed clusters on March 1st, 2022 in Shanghai as a function of time